Reference: Tafseer As-Sa’di [11:93]
Allah, the Exalted, said:
{Certainly, We settled the Children of Israa’eel in an agreeable settlement and provided them with good things. And they did not differ until after knowledge had come to them. Indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that which they used to differ over} [10:93]
[Certainly, We settled the Children of Israel in an agreeable settlement] Allah brought them to, and settled them inthe settlements of the People of the Pharaoh; He gave them their land and places of residence.
[…and provided them with good things] from food, drink and other than this.
[and they did not differ] regarding the truth.
[until after knowledge had come to them] this knowledge should have been a cause for their unity and harmony but some from amongst them became oppressive and unjust towards the others. Thus many of them had desires and objectives that opposed the truth and as a result of this, much differing took place between them.
[Indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ] (He will judge them) with a just judgment that stems from His complete knowledge and comprehensive ability.’
So this is the disease that afflicts the adherents of the true religion; that when Shaytan is weakened by them and they do not follow him in leaving the religion in its entirety, he (Shaytan) then seeks to sow dissention between them and incites enmity and hatred amongst them. Differing occurs due to this (enmity and hatred). After this, some of them misguide others, becoming enemies with one other and all of this is delightful to the Cursed One (Iblees).
Why does this differing take place if indeed their Lord is one, their Messenger is one, their religion is one and their common objectives are the same?
What is the benefit in them differing in such a way that it causes their unity to be divided, their affair to be disarranged and it dissolves their relationships and order. Due to this, untold religious and worldly benefits are lost; and due to this, parts of their religion die away.
O Allah, we ask You for kindness to your believing slaves, to unite their affair, to reconcile their divisions and to bring near the one who is far… O Possessor of Majesty and Honour.
فَمَا اخْتَلَفُواحَتَّى جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ
المرجع: التفسير السعدي (11:93)
{وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍوَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِفَمَا اخْتَلَفُواحَتَّى جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُإِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ}
{وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍ} أي: أنزلهم الله وأسكنهم في مساكن آل فرعون، وأورثهم أرضهم وديارهم.
{وَرَزَقْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ} من المطاعم والمشارب وغيرهما
{فَمَا اخْتَلَفُوا} في الحق
{حَتَّى جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ} الموجب لاجتماعهم وائتلافهم، ولكن بغى بعضهم على بعض، وصار لكثير منهم أهوية وأغراض تخالف الحق، فحصل بينهم من الاختلاف شيء كثير.
{إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ} بحكمة العدل الناشئ عن علمه التام، وقدرته الشاملة، وهذا هو الداء، الذي يعرض لأهل الدين الصحيح. وهو: أن الشيطان إذا أعجزوه أن يطيعوه في ترك الدين بالكلية، سعى في التحريش بينهم، وإلقاء العداوة والبغضاء، فحصل من الاختلاف ما هو موجب ذلك، ثم حصل من تضليل بعضهم لبعض، وعداوة بعضهم لبعض، ما هو قرة عين اللعين.
وإلا فإذا كان ربهم واحدًا، ورسولهم واحدًا، ودينهم واحدًا، ومصالحهم العامة متفقة، فلأي شيء يختلفون اختلافًا يفرق شملهم، ويشتت أمرهم، ويحل رابطتهم ونظامهم؟
فيفوت من مصالحهم الدينية والدنيوية ما يفوت، ويموت من دينهم، بسبب ذلك ما يموت؟
فنسألك اللهم، لطفًا بعبادك المؤمنين، يجمع شملهم ويرأب صدعهم، ويرد قاصيهم على دانيهم، يا ذا الجلال والإكرام
