Reference: http://www.saltaweel.com/articles/112
Sa’eed Ibn Al-Musayyib has reported from his father:
‘When death approached Abu Taalib,[1] the Messenger of Allaah (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) came to him and found Abu Jahl and Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah in his company. The Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
O uncle, proclaim there is nothing worthy of worship except Allaah, a statement which will enable me to plead for you with Allaah.
Abu Jahl and Abdullah Ibn Abi Umayyah said [to Abu Taalib], “Will you forsake the religion of Abdul Muttalib?” [2] The Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) repeatedly said this to him, and the two of them also repeated their statement.
The final statement of Abu Taalib was about being on the religion of Abdul-Muttalib and he refused to say: La ilaaha ilIa Allah. The Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) said,
By Allaah, I shall continue to pray for your forgiveness as long as I am not prohibited from doing so. [3]
It was then that Allah revealed the verse:
{It is not correct for the Prophet and those who believe, to ask Allah’s forgiveness for the Mushrikeen even though they are of kin} [9:113]
Allaah also said about Abu Taalib:
{Indeed [O Muhammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allaah guides whom He wills} [28:56]
This authentic hadeeth contains many benefits that a student of knowledge is in need of, therefore I wanted to mention some of what I am able to, maybe Allaah will benefit the one who is writing this as well as the reader.
So I say, and I seek Allaah’s aid, relying and returning to Him:
Benefits
1. Guidance is a virtue from Allaah the Most High, He bestows it upon whomever He wishes from His slaves. He is the most knowledgeable of those who have been guided and He guides out of His mercy whoever is deserving of it;
2. This hadeeth shows the favour of Allaah upon you O Muslim. You have proclaimed that none has the right to be worshipped except Allaah; you did this out of your own will without anybody compelling you to do so. Abu Taalib, the uncle of the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) refused to say it. He died upon the path of AbdulMutallib, upon the way of the people who worship idols. However, you said this statement being content with it. All praise is for Allaah, due to His blessings all good come into existence;
3. Any lineage, even if it is connected to the Messenger of Allaah (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam), does not benefit with Allaah as long as that servant does not perform righteous actions. The Messenger of Allaah said,
Whoever is slowed down by his actions, will not be hastened forward by his lineage. [4]
Abu Taalib did not enter Paradise despite being the uncle of the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam), and he was a full brother to his father Abdullah; he was the one who took care of the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) after the death of his grandfather AbdulMutallib;
4. Abu Taalib died a disbeliever and he refused to say ‘Laa ilaaha illa Allaah.’ When Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) asked the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam): ‘O Messenger of Allaah, did anything benefit Abu Taalib? He used to defend you and become angry for your sake. He replied,
Yes, he is in the shallowest part of the Fire, and had it not been for me he would have been in the deepest depths of the Fire.
From the strange matters – and many things are strange – that the people of desires affirm the Islaam of Abu Taalib and say he is in Paradise; whilst at the same time they proclaim that Abu Bakr (may Allaah be pleased with him) is a disbeliever, that he apostated after the death of the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) and he is in the Fire!
{How severe is the word that comes out of their mouths; they speak not except a lie} [18:05]
I cannot comment on those people except with the saying of Allaah:
{And he to whom Allaah has not granted light – for him there is no light} [24:40]
5. The belief of Abu Taalib in the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam), and his defence of him did not save him from disbelief neither did it cause him to enter Islaam. This is because he did not proclaim (upon his tongue): ‘Laa ilaaha illa Allaah’ – even though he accepted it in his heart.
From that which has been narrated regarding Abu Taalib in the books of Prophetic history is that he said:
Indeed I have come to know that the religion of my Muhammed
Is the best of religions in all of creation.
Had it not been for blame, or the fear of insult
You would have found me willing in that, making it known clearly
By Allaah, they will never reach you (O Muhammed) in all their numbers
Until I am laid down, buried in the dust
So continue (O Muhammed) declaring you affair, there is no fault upon you,
Rejoice, and let your eyes delight with that.
6. This hadeeth illustrates that guidance is success from Allaah, nobody possesses it accept Allaah alone. He did not even grant it to His Prophet Muhammad (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam). He, the most High, said,
{Indeed, [O Muhammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allaah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowledgeable regarding those who have been guided} [28:56]
As for guiding others through evidences and directing them to goodness, this has been given to the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam). As He said:
{…and indeed, [O Muhammad], you guide to a straight path} [47:52]
7. An example of the striving that the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) did in calling to Allaah, and his desire in calling his uncle up until the last moments of his life.
8. The leniency of the Messenger of Allaah (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) in calling to Allaah, and choosing kind words and names. He would say to Abu Taalib: ‘O my uncle, O my uncle’ and he informed him if he had said the ‘statement of Tawheed, he will plead with Allaah for him.
9. The virtue of the ‘statement of Tawheed’ – Laa ilaaha illa Allaah. If Abu Taalib had said it during the last moments of his life, it would have benefitted him with Allaah.
10. The danger of keeping bad company, Abu Jahl prevented Abu Taalib from saying ‘Laa ilaaha illa Allaah’, this lead to Abu Taalib destroying his life in the Hereafter. Also, consider the hadeeth,
A man is upon the religion of the person who is beloved to him, so let each one of you at the one who he befriends. [5]
Benefit: Abdullah Ibn Abi Umayyah Ibn Al-Mugheerah is the brother in law of the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) and also his cousin. He is the brother of Umm Salamah and is mentioned in the hadeeth. He accepted Islaam in the year of the conquest (of Makkah), he was martyred in the same year in the battle of Hunain. Al-Haafidh Ibn Hajr mentioned in Al-Isaabah that he accompanied the Prophet (hence he is from the companions);
11. This hadeeth explains the meaning of the other hadeeth narrated by Abu Sa’eed,
Dictate to your deceased: ‘Laa ilaaha illa Allaah’ [6]
The word, ‘your deceased,’ refers to the person who death has approached and not the one who is actually dead and his soul has exited the body. The Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) did not say to his uncle, Abu Taalib, after he had died: Say ‘Laa ilaaha illa Allaah.’ Rather he would present this statement to him before he died. After he died, the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
Surely I shall seek forgiveness him.
This is in contradiction to the people of innovation, they say to the deceased: ‘Say Laa ilaaha illa Allaah, and if the two angels ask you then say to them: my Lord is Allaah, my religion is Islaam and my messenger is Muhammad!
It is known that the deceased do not hear. Allaah, the most High, said:
{…but you cannot make hear those in the graves} [35:22]
He also said:
{Indeed, you will not make the dead hear…} [27:80]
12. The hadeeth shows the reason as to why the following saying of Allaah was revealed:
{Indeed [O Muhammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allaah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided} [28:56]
The scholars of Tafseer unanimously agreed that this verse was revealed due to Abu Taalib, the uncle of the Prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam)
Footnotes
[1] Abu Taalib, was the beloved uncle of the prophet (sal Allaahu alayhi wa sallam). He looked after him from a young age, and defended him for 10 years whilst he was calling the people to Islaam. He shielded him when most of his tribe had rejected him. This hadeeth shows the story of his death; he chose to remain as a disbeliever over accepting Islaam.
[2] The religion of polytheism and idol worship
[3] Compiled by Al-Bukhaaree & Muslim;
[4] Narrated by Abu Huraira; Collected by Muslim;
[5] Narrated by Abu Huraira; Collected by Abu Dawood, At-Tirmidhee. Albaani mentioned that this hadeeth is Hassan;
[6] Narrated by Abu Sa’eed; Collected by Muslim.
أي عم: قل لا إله إلا الله كلمة أحاج لك بها عند الله” -1
المرجع: http://www.saltaweel.com/articles/112
الحمد لله وحده والصلاة والسلام على من لا نبي بعده، أما بعد:
فقد روى البخاري في صحيحه (4772) ومسلم (24) عن سعيد بن المسيب عن أبيه قال: ((لما حضرت أبا طالب الوفاة جاءه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فوجد عنده أبا جهل وعبد الله بن أبي أمية بن المغيرة)) فقال: ((أي عم قل لا إله إلا الله كلمة أحاج لك بها عند الله))
فقال أبو جهل وعبد الله بن أبي أمية: ((أترغب عن ملة عبد المطلب))
فلم يزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يعرضها عليه، ويعيدانه بتلك المقالة حتى قال أبو طالب آخر ما كلمهم: على ملة عبد المطلب، وأبى أن يقول لا إله إلا الله، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ((والله لأستغفرن لك ما لم أنه عنك)) فأنزل الله:
{ما كان للنبي والذين آمنوا أن يستغفروا للمشركين}
وأنزل الله في أبي طالب فقال لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم:
{إنك لا تهدي من أحببت ولكن الله يهدي من يشاء}
هذا الحديث الصحيح فيه فوائد كثيرة يحتاجها طالب العلم فأحببت أن أذكر منها ما تيسر لعل الله أن ينفع بها الكاتب والقارئ فاقول وبالله أستعين، وعليه أتوكل وإليه أنيب:
1 – إن الهداية فضل من الله تعالى يتفضل بها على من يشاء من عباده وهو أعلم بالمهتدين فيهدي برحمته من هو أهل للهداية.
2- وفيه بيان فضل الله عليك يا مسلم يا من تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله بمحض إرادتك ومن غير إكراه، فإن أبا طالب عم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أبى أن يقول “لا إله إلا الله” ومات على ملة عبد المطلبـ على عبادة الأصنامـ بينما أنت تقولها بانشراح صدر والحمد لله الذي بنعمته تتم الصالحات.
3 – وفيه أن النسب ولو اتصل بالرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لا ينفع صاحبه عند الله تعالى ما لم يعمل العبد صالحا، كما في حديث أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ((…. من بطأ به عمله لم يسرع به نسبه)) [رواه مسلم] (2699)
فأبو طالب لم يدخل الجنة مع أنه عم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وكان شقيقا لوالده “عبد الله” وهو الذي تولى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بعد وفاة جده عبد المطلب.
4 – أن أبا طالب مات مشركاً وأبى أن يقول لا إله إلا الله وأنه في النار، كما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لما سأله العباس رضي الله عنه: ((يا رسول الله هل نفعت أبا طالب بشيء فإنه كان يحوطك ويغضب لك؟)) قال: ((نعم، هو في ضحضاح من نار ولولا أنا لكان في الدرك الأسفل من النار)).
ومن العجائب ـوالعجائب كثيرة ـ أن أهل الأهواء يقولون بإسلام أبي طالب وأنه في الجنة!! بينما يقولون بكفر أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه وأرضاه وأنه قد ارتدَّ بعد وفاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنه في النار!!
{كبرت كلمة تخرج من أفواههم إن يقولون إلا كذبا}[الكهفـ 5]
لا أجد تعليقا على هؤلاء إلا قول الله تعالى
{ومن لم يجعل الله له نوراً فما له من نور} [النورـ 40]
5 – ومنها أن تصديق ابي طالب للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ودفاعه عنه لم ينجه من الكفر ولم يدخله في الإسلام لأنه لم يقل لا إله إلا الله ولو أقر بها في قلبه. ومما أثر عنه كما في كتب السيرة أنه قال:
ولقد علمت بأن دين محمدي * من خير أديان البرية دينا
لولا الملامة أو مخافة سبة * لوجدتني سمحا بذاك مبينا
والله لن يصلوا إليك بجمعهم * حتى أوسد في التراب دفينا
فاصدع بأمرك ما عليك غضاضة * ابشر وقر بذاك منك عيونا
6 – أن هداية التوفيق لا يملكها إلا الله وحده ولم يجعلها حتى لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم قال تعالى
{إًنَّكَ لَا تَهْدًي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَكًنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدًي مَن يَشَاءُ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بًالْمُهْتَدًينَ} [القصصـ 56]
أما هداية الدلالة والإرشاد فقد جعلها الله تعالى لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم كما في قوله
{وَإًنَّكَ لَتَهْدًي إًلَى صًرَاطي مُّسْتَقًيمي} [الشورىـ 52)
7 – وفيه بيان اجتهاد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الدعوة إلى الله تعالى وحرصه على دعوة عمه إلى آخر لحظة من حياته
8 – وفيه تلطف الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في الدعوة واختيار الألفاظ والألقاب الراقية فكان يقول لأبي طالب ((يا عم)) ((يا عم)) ويخبره أنه إذا قال كلمة التوحيد “لا إله إلا الله” فإنه سيحاج له بها عند الله تعالى!!
9 – فضل كلمة التوحيد “لا إله إلا الله” وأن أبا طالب لو قالها في آخر لحظة من حياته لنفعته عند الله تعالى
10 – خطورة الصحبة السيئة فإن أبا جهل صدَّ أبا طالب عن قول ” لا إله إلا الله” حتى كلفه ذلك أن خسر آخرته وفي الحديث ((الرجل على دين خليله فلينظر احدكم من يخالل)) [رواه ا داود (4833) والترمذي (2378) وحسنه الألباني في الصحيحة (927) من حديث أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه].
فائدة: عبد الله بن أبي أمية بن المغيرة صهر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وابن عمته عاتكة وأخو أم سلمة وهو المذكور في الحديث اسلم رضي الله عنه يوم الفتح واستشهد في تلك السنة في غزة حنين، وقد ذكر الحافظ ابن حجر في الإصابة (4546) أن له صحبة مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.
11 – في الحديث بيان معنى قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ((لقنوا موتاكم لا إله إلا الله)) [رواه مسلم (916) عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه]، فإن المراد ((بموتاكم)) أي من حضرته الوفاة لا من مات وخرجت روحه، فإن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يقل لعمه أبي طالب بعدما مات قل: “لا إله إلا الله” وإنما عرضها عليه قبل وفاته فلما مات قال: ((لأستغفرن لك)). وهذا بخلاف أهل البدع الذين يقولون للميت قل لا إله إلا الله، وإذا سألك الملكان فقل ربي الله وديني الإسلام ورسولي محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام!! ومن المعلوم أن الميت لا يسمع كما قال تعالى
{وَمَا أَنتَ بًمُسْمًع مَّن فًي الْقُبُورً} [فاطرـ 22]،
{إنك لا تسمع الموتى} [النملـ 80]
12 – وفيه بيان سبب نزول قوله تعالى
{إنك لا تهدي من أحببت ولكن الله يهدي من يشاء} [القصصـ 56]
وأنها نزلت في أبي طالب عم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وهذا بإجماع أهل التفسير
