Reference: http://www.haddady.com/ra_page_views.php?id=313&page=19&main=7
Upon the authority of Abu Hurayrah, radiaAllāhu ‘anhu, that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ would encourage – and not order as an obligation – to pray the Qiyām al-Layl (night prayer) in Ramadān. He would say,
Whosoever stood [for the night prayer] in Ramadān with imān and hoping for reward, his previous sins will be forgiven. [1]
Meaning of words
‘And not order as an obligation’, i.e. his command is an encouragement and not a form of obligation.
Benefits
1. To stand in Qiyām al-Layl throughout Ramadān is one of the best voluntary acts of worship, which brings a slave closer to his Lord in this blessed month.
2. The meaning of ‘to stand Qiyām al-Layl throughout Ramadān’ is to stand in prayer at night as much as is easy upon a person. This can be done privately in one’s house or in congregation in the masjid.
3. To pray the night prayer in congregation is better [than praying alone in one’s house], as this was the action of the prophet ﷺ. He did not continue this action [of praying in congregation] because he feared it would be made obligatory upon his people.
Also, due to the ḥadīth of Abu Dharr, radiaAllāhu ‘anhu, that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said,
Whoever stood in prayer with the imām until he left, it will be written for him as if he has prayed the whole night. [2]
4. The meaning of ‘the previous sins being forgiven’ is restricted to minor sins, as is proven by other narrations. Some of the scholars held the view that both the minor and major sins are forgiven, however, the first opinion is stronger and more correct when combining the textual proofs. [3]
Footnotes
[1] Narrated by Abu Hurayrah; Collected by Al-Bukhārī & Muslim.
[2] Narrated by Abu Dharr; Collected by At-Tirmidhī & Others.
[3] The expiation and forgiving of sins due to other good actions is restricted to minor sins. The evidence for this is the saying of Allāh, {If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden to do, we shall remit from you your (small) sins…} [04:31]
The major sins require specific repentance (tawbah).
ثواب من قام رمضان إيماناً واحتساباً
المرجع: http://www.haddady.com/ra_page_views.php?id=313&page=19&main=7
عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يرغَّب في قيام رمضان من غير أن يأمرهم فيه بعزيمة فيقول ((من قام رمضان إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه)) [رواه البخاري ومسلم] ، وقول أبي هريرة عند مسلم.
معاني المفردات
يأمرهم فيه بعزيمة : أي هو أمر استحباب وليس على سبيل الوجوب
التعليــق
1) قيام رمضان من أفضل نوافل الأعمال التي يتقرب بها العبد إلى ربه في هذا الشهر المبارك
2) المقصود بقيام رمضان أي بقيام ما تيسر من الليل سواء كان منفرداً في بيته أم كان في الجماعة في المسجد
3) أداؤها مع الجماعة أفضل لفعل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لكنه ترك المداومة على الجماعة فيها خشية أن تفرض على أمته. ولحديث أبي ذر عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال ((إنه من قام مع الإمام حتى ينصرف كتب له قيام ليلة)) [رواه الخمسة وصححه الترمذي]
4) مغفرة ما تقدم من الذنوب المقصود بها الصغائر لدلالة الأحاديث الأخرى ومن أهل العلم من ذهب إلى شمول المغفرة للصغائر والكبائر والقول الأول أولى جمعاً بين الأدلة.
