Reference: Ijaabatus-Saa.il ‘alaa Ahammil-Masaa.il – Question 146, Page 280
Question: What is the ruling regarding the one who judges between the people based upon ignorance (i.e. whilst he is unqualified to do so)?
Response: He who judges between the people based upon ignorance, [then] he is one of the judges who are from amongst the people of the Fire, as occurs in the authentic Hadeeth [found in the Sunan of at-Tirmidhee (Kitaab al-Ahkaam), Abu Daawood (Kitaab al-Aqdhiyah) and Ibn Maajah (Kitaab al-Ahkaam)] on the authority of the Prophet (sal-Allaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) who said:
«There are three [types/categories] of judges: [of them] two judges shall be in the Fire and one judge shall be in Paradise. As for the two judges who shall be in the Fire, then one of them is he who knew the truth and judged contradictorily to it, and the second is he who judged upon ignorance. As for the judge who shall be in Paradise, then he is the one who knew the truth and judged according to it»
…so this one [the one who judges between people based upon ignorance] is considered from amongst the people of the Fire. However, we advise him to rectify [the affairs] between the people. As for judging, then it is not permissible to judge except by the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allaah (sal-Allaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam):
{Do they then seek the judgement of (the days of) Ignorance? And who is better in judgement than Allaah for a people who have firm Faith}, [Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 50]
{Or have they partners (with Allaah – false gods) who have instituted for them a religion which Allaah has not ordained?}, [Soorah ash-Shooraa, Aayah 21]
{But no, by your Lord, they can have no Faith, until they make you (O Muhammad [sal-Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam]) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission.}, [Soorah an-Nisaa., Aayah 65]
And we have spoken about this issue in the [chapter of] “The way out from the Fitnah” which [we hope] is sufficient [regarding this subject], and all Praise is due to Allaah [alone].
القضاء بين الناس على الجهل
المرجع: إجابة السائل على أهم المسائل – س146, ص280
السؤال: ما حكم الذي يقضي بين الناس على جهل؟
الجواب: الذي يقضي بين الناس على جهل هو أحد القضاة الذين من أهل النار كما في الحديث و هو مخرج في الصحيح عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و سلم) أنه قال:
«القضاة ثلاثة: قاضيان في النار و قاض في الجنة، فأما القاضيان اللذان في النار فأحدهما: عرف الحق و قضى بخلافه و الثاني: قضى على جهل، و أما القاضي الذي في الجنة: فهو الذي عرف الحق و قضى به»
و هذا يعتبر من أهل جهنم، لكن ننصحه أن يصلح بين الناس صلحاً، أما القضاء فلا يجوز القضاء إلا بكتاب الله و سنة رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و سلم):
{أ فحكم الجاهلية يبغون و من أحسن من الله حكماً لقوم يوقنون}
{أم لهم شركاء شرعوا لهم من الدين ما لم يأذن به الله}
{فلا و ربك لا يؤمنون حتى يحكموك فيما شجر بينهم ثم لا يجدوا في أنفسهم حرجا مما قضيت و يسلموا تسليما}
